overview of SQL (Structured Query Language) for database queries, including basic information, examples, and a table of common shortcut keys used in SQL editors.
Sql programming Languages free keyboard shortcuts
Overview:
SQL is a standard language for managing relational databases. It allows users to interact with databases by performing tasks such as querying data, inserting records, updating data, deleting records, creating tables, and defining relationships between tables.
Basic Components:
- DDL (Data Definition Language):
- Used to define and manage the structure of database objects.
- Examples:
CREATE TABLE
: Creates a new table.ALTER TABLE
: Modifies an existing table structure.DROP TABLE
: Deletes a table.
-- Example: Creating a table
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName VARCHAR(50),
LastName VARCHAR(50),
Age INT,
DepartmentID INT
);
- DML (Data Manipulation Language):
- Used to manipulate data within database objects.
- Examples:
INSERT INTO
: Inserts new records into a table.UPDATE
: Modifies existing records in a table.DELETE FROM
: Deletes records from a table.
-- Example: Inserting data into a table
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Age, DepartmentID)
VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe', 30, 101);
- DQL (Data Query Language):
- Used to retrieve data from a database.
- Example:
SELECT
: Retrieves data from one or more tables.
-- Example: Querying data from a table
SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
WHERE Age > 25;
- DCL (Data Control Language):
- Used to manage access permissions and security in a database.
- Examples:
GRANT
: Grants specific privileges to database users.REVOKE
: Revokes previously granted privileges.
-- Example: Granting privileges to a user
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON Employees TO username;
SQL Shortcut Keys Table:
Action | Shortcut Keys (Example) |
---|---|
Execute Query | F5 or Ctrl + Enter |
Open New Query Tab | Ctrl + N |
Save Query | Ctrl + S |
Comment/Uncomment Line(s) | Ctrl + / or Ctrl + Shift + C |
Auto-Complete | Ctrl + Space |
Format SQL Code | Ctrl + Shift + F |
Navigate Query Results | Arrow keys or Mouse |
Execute Selected Text | F9 (SQL Server Management Studio) |
Show/Hide Object Explorer | F8 (SQL Server Management Studio) |
Show Execution Plan | Ctrl + L (SQL Server Management Studio) |
Toggle Query Pane | F6 (SQL Server Management Studio) |
Show Error List | Ctrl + \, E (Visual Studio Code) |
Toggle Comment | Ctrl + / (Visual Studio Code) |
Execute Statement | Shift + Enter (MySQL Workbench) |
Generate Script | Ctrl + Shift + G (SQL Server Management Studio) |
These shortcuts are commonly used in SQL editors such as SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), MySQL Workbench, PostgreSQL pgAdmin, Oracle SQL Developer, and various text editors with SQL support like Visual Studio Code and Sublime Text.
Mastering SQL and these shortcuts can significantly enhance productivity when querying databases, managing data, and performing administrative tasks within relational database systems.
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